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Biblioteca de recursos

Todos los recursos de desarrollo profesional, organizados por las 7 áreas de habilidad de los paraprofesionales y sus subtemas.

Apoyo en la enseñanza

11 áreas de habilidad

Identificar qué es lo que realmente está bloqueando a un estudiante y ajustar tu apoyo sobre la marcha.

Adaptar los materiales y las tareas en tiempo real cuando no hay modificaciones preparadas disponibles.

Mantener participando al mismo tiempo a estudiantes de distintos niveles sin descuidar a ninguno.

Recopilar observaciones específicas y útiles, y comunicárselas al maestro de una forma que le sirva.

Crear transiciones, horarios y rutinas de enseñanza predecibles que sirvan de apoyo a los estudiantes que necesitan constancia para poder aprender.

  • Center on PBIS guide to explicitly identifying, defining, and teaching predictable classroom routines and expectations — the structure students who need consistency rely on to access learning. Includes a fillable matrix template.

    Guía · Center on PBIS (OSEP-funded, U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~20 min

  • PBIS webinar on the practices that create positive, predictable, safe learning environments — how consistent routines, clear expectations, and structured transitions support students who rely on predictability.

    Video · Center on PBIS (U.S. Dept. of Education, OSEP-funded) · ~45 min

  • Interactive module on arranging the environment and planning predictable routines and active-engagement structures to prevent problem behavior before it starts. The routines/antecedents section maps directly to a para's role in keeping the day predictable under the teacher's plan.

    Módulo · National Center on Intensive Intervention (NCII) — AIR / U.S. Dept. of Education (OSEP) · ~45 min

  • One-page checklist of the concrete moves that make a classroom predictable — posting expectations, rules, and procedures where students can see them; explicitly teaching and re-teaching them; limiting unstructured time; and laying out the room and high-traffic areas so transitions go smoothly. Pull up the 'HLP 7' section on its own (about 5 minutes). Written for teachers, so use it to recognize these structures and see how you can help keep the day predictable and reinforce the posted routines across settings under the supervising teacher's plan — not to set the rules yourself.

    Actividad · CEEDAR Center & American Institutes for Research — U.S. Dept. of Education (OSEP-funded) · ~5 min

Planificar la enseñanza para que las habilidades se transfieran a distintas personas, entornos y materiales, y verificar que las habilidades ya aprendidas se mantengan con el tiempo, no solo en el momento.

  • Interactive training module on classroom antecedent and instructional strategies — including planning routines, active engagement, and arranging instruction so newly taught skills hold up and transfer (generalization and maintenance). Built for educators supporting students with intensive needs; the para's lane is implementing these under the supervising teacher's plan.

    Módulo · National Center on Intensive Intervention (NCII) — AIR / U.S. Dept. of Education (OSEP) · ~45 min

  • One-page checklist of the concrete techniques that help a newly taught skill hold up over time and transfer to new settings — practicing across settings and people, using similar materials, spacing practice out, gradually thinning rewards, and checking that the skill sticks weeks later. Pull up the 'HLP 21' section on its own (about 5 minutes). Written for teachers, so use it to recognize these moves and see how you can reinforce a taught skill across the day under the supervising teacher's plan — not to design the program yourself.

    Actividad · CEEDAR Center & American Institutes for Research — U.S. Dept. of Education (OSEP-funded) · ~5 min

  • Library of concise, evidence-based instructional-strategy briefs (each with purpose, key terms, and materials) supporting skill acquisition, generalization across settings/people/materials, and maintenance over time. Use as quick reference for strategies a teacher may ask you to help deliver consistently.

    Guía · National Center on Intensive Intervention (NCII) — AIR / U.S. Dept. of Education (OSEP) · ~15 min

Brindar apoyo de lectura (decodificación) en tiempo real que mantenga al estudiante participando con dignidad, sin llamar la atención sobre lo que le cuesta.

Usar el sistema de comunicación aumentativa y alternativa (AAC) que el terapeuta del habla (SLP) y el equipo eligieron (dispositivos que generan voz, sistema de intercambio de imágenes [PECS] o tableros de vocabulario básico), cubriendo en el momento las brechas de vocabulario y señalando al SLP las actualizaciones necesarias. Nunca uses la comunicación facilitada (FC); no tiene respaldo científico y la asociación de profesionales del habla y el lenguaje (ASHA) se opone activamente a ella.

  • CPIR overview of communication supports and assistive technology in the IEP, including AAC, and the team's role in implementing them. NOTE: orientation-level, not a device-specific modeling guide — a cleared para-facing AAC modeling resource is a documented gap; coordinate with your SLP for device specifics.

    Guía · Center for Parent Information and Resources (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~15 min

  • CPIR guide to assistive technology devices and services under IDEA, including communication supports and the school team's responsibilities. NOTE: framework-level; for hands-on core-vocabulary modeling, coordinate with your SLP (cleared para-facing AAC modeling resource is a documented gap).

    Guía · Center for Parent Information and Resources (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~18 min

  • CDC overview of assistive technology and augmentative/alternative communication for students with ASD — communication boards, speech-generating devices, PECS. NOTE: high-level summary, not a classroom AAC-modeling guide; a cleared para-facing AAC modeling resource has not yet been found (documented gap).

    Artículo · CDC · ~20 min

  • Free self-paced interactive module on aided language input — modeling on a student's AAC system to show what the symbols can do during everyday talk. Walks through the basic components of modeling with worked examples and a short reflection activity; an optional post-test earns a certificate. Stays in the para's lane: you model the system and presume competence, while the SLP selects, programs, and modifies it.

    Módulo · Project Core — Center for Literacy and Disability Studies, UNC-Chapel Hill (OSEP-funded; CC BY-SA 4.0) · ~35 min

  • Short explainer on the aided language stimulation technique — modeling on a student's AAC system as you talk. Note: produced by AssistiveWare, a commercial AAC vendor; linked for the free technique overview, not as a product endorsement.

    Video · AssistiveWare (commercial AAC vendor) · ~5 min

  • Palm Beach County School District compilation of teachers modeling aided language stimulation on universal core communication boards — shows AAC modeling in action. Primarily elementary examples.

    Video · Palm Beach County School District · ~15 min

  • Authoritative overview of AAC systems, modeling/aided language input, and the team roles around an AAC user. Reinforces the para's implementation lane: model the system, presume competence, and follow the SLP's plan — the clinician selects, programs, and modifies the system.

    Guía · American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) · ~25 min

Pasar del apoyo físico total a una ayuda de menor a mayor, para que sea el estudiante quien aprenda, y no el asistente educativo (para) quien haga el trabajo.

Distinguir el silencio normal de la adquisición del idioma de las preocupaciones de conducta o de desarrollo, y compartir ese contexto con el equipo antes de cualquier referencia (referral).

Cubrir las brechas de vocabulario y las barreras del idioma usando imágenes, gestos, apoyos bilingües y andamiajes, quitando el obstáculo del idioma sin quitar el desafío cognitivo.

  • OELA practice brief on evidence-based practices for ELLs, including building content knowledge and language together through comprehensible input, visuals, scaffolds, and bilingual supports — without reducing cognitive challenge.

    Guía · Office of English Language Acquisition (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~15 min

  • Evidence-based vocabulary guidance from the OELA practices brief: pre-teaching key vocabulary, distinguishing general-academic from domain-specific vocabulary, and bridging language gaps without removing cognitive demand.

    Guía · Office of English Language Acquisition (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~18 min

  • REL Southwest video on four research-based vocabulary practices for newcomer ELLs — pre-teaching key terms, using visuals and gestures, building on cognates, and making academic language comprehensible without reducing cognitive demand.

    Video · REL Southwest / Institute of Education Sciences (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~18 min

  • U.S. Dept. of Education (OELA) toolkit chapters on English language proficiency levels and what students can do at each stage — helps paras calibrate the right level of language scaffolding for each student. Public-access federal resource.

    Guía · National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~20 min

  • One-page checklist of the concrete scaffolds that make grade-level content comprehensible without lowering the demand — sentence stems, graphic organizers, visuals, easiest-to-hardest sequencing, and giving only as much support as the student needs before fading it. Pull up the 'HLP 15' section on its own (about 5 minutes). Written for teachers, so use it to recognize these supports and to provide and adjust them for a multilingual learner under the supervising teacher's plan — not to redesign the lesson.

    Actividad · CEEDAR Center & American Institutes for Research — U.S. Dept. of Education (OSEP-funded) · ~5 min

Apoyo conductual y socioemocional

7 áreas de habilidad

Reconocer cuándo una estrategia del plan de conducta está causando un daño grave y apartarte de ella por seguridad: detener la estrategia, cambiar a lo que ayude al estudiante a calmarse, avisar al equipo de inmediato y documentar por escrito el cambio antes de que termine el día. Esto es una excepción de emergencia, no una práctica habitual. El plan de conducta (BIP) forma parte del plan educativo individualizado (IEP) del estudiante, un documento de cumplimiento legal obligatorio, y las desviaciones repetidas requieren la aprobación del equipo, no el criterio de una sola persona.

Calmar a un estudiante alterado sin público, usando técnicas de redirección discretas.

Usar tu relación con el estudiante para detectar pronto cambios importantes en su ánimo o conducta. Nota: en estudiantes que aprenden inglés (ELL), un silencio prolongado puede ser un período de silencio normal de la adquisición del idioma, y no aislamiento; revisa el contexto del idioma antes de escalar la situación.

Saber cuándo un comentario casual de un estudiante exige reportarlo de inmediato y cómo hacerlo correctamente.

Aplicar los principios del refuerzo (refuerzo funcional, conductas de reemplazo, reducción gradual del programa de refuerzo) para construir nuevas conductas en lugar de solo suprimir las no deseadas.

  • IES What Works Clearinghouse practice guide. Recommendation 3 — teach and reinforce new skills to increase appropriate behavior — is the core of reinforcement-based practice: building replacement behaviors rather than only suppressing unwanted ones. Evidence-rated recommendations.

    Guía · Institute of Education Sciences (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~45 min

  • A short, concrete walk-through of positive reinforcement: reward the specific behavior you want to see (stated as a do, not a don't), deliver the reinforcer immediately, use social reinforcers (specific praise, attention) heavily, and — the part most people skip — slowly thin and fade the reward as the behavior becomes a habit. Note: written for parents of young children; the principles map directly onto reinforcement-based practice in the classroom. Apply reinforcement under the supervising teacher's / BCBA's plan, and reinforce the replacement behavior more often than the behavior you're trying to reduce. Public domain.

    Artículo · CDC · ~5 min

  • NCII behavior-strategies module; the reinforcement section covers positive and negative reinforcement, aligning reinforcers to the hypothesized function of the behavior, differential reinforcement, and reinforcing the replacement behavior more often than the problem behavior occurs. Each strategy includes purpose, implementation procedures, sample scripts, and intensification options — a second, walk-through modality alongside the IES practice guide.

    Módulo · National Center on Intensive Intervention (NCII) — U.S. Dept. of Education · ~40 min

  • A self-paced module on the building blocks of behavior support — the ABCs of behavior (what happens right before, the behavior itself, and what follows), how reinforcement shapes whether a behavior repeats, and proactive routines that head off problems before they start. Helps you read why a behavior keeps happening and respond in ways that grow the behavior you want, rather than just reacting in the moment. (CEEDAR Center; OSEP/ED-funded, no NC/ND; page browser-verified.)

    Módulo · CEEDAR Center (U.S. Dept. of Education, OSEP) · ~90 min

Ajustar el apoyo para estudiantes con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH): saber cuándo redirigir, cuándo usar adaptaciones y cuándo documentar patrones para la revisión del equipo.

Responder con eficacia a las fallas recurrentes en las transiciones y, a la vez, usar los datos para abogar por cambios en la propia rutina de transición.

Comunicación y colaboración

8 áreas de habilidad

Tomar la iniciativa de comunicarte con los maestros de manera concreta y específica sobre los cambios que observas en los estudiantes.

Compartir tus observaciones directas en las reuniones de equipo, incluso cuando cuestionan un plan ya establecido.

Dirigir al maestro las preguntas de los padres sobre el progreso del estudiante, mientras haces que los padres se sientan respetados.

  • CPIR guide on meaningful family engagement — the appropriate roles of different staff when communicating with families, what paras can and cannot share, and how to direct families to the teacher or coordinator for substantive questions. Public domain.

    Guía · Center for Parent Information and Resources (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~25 min

  • A short, fillable self-check on HLP 3 (Collaborate With Families): rate yourself on treating families with dignity and respect, communicating in a language and method the family can actually access, and sharing only what supports the student's plan. Complete just this one subtest (~5 min). It is a teacher-facing tool; for a para it's a fast gauge of staying warm and respectful while redirecting substantive progress questions to the supervising teacher.

    Actividad · CEEDAR Center & American Institutes for Research (OSEP-funded, U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~5 min

  • Free state-government module covering protecting student privacy and managing information-sharing with families — including how to redirect parent questions appropriately to the supervising teacher.

    Módulo · Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) · ~15 min

  • CPIR guide on IDEA dispute-resolution options (mediation, state complaint, due process) in plain language — so paras understand the formal channels and can redirect distressed parents appropriately without overstepping. Public domain.

    Guía · Center for Parent Information and Resources (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~15 min

Plantear los desacuerdos profesionales de forma directa y en privado, y recibir la retroalimentación sin ponerte a la defensiva.

Elaborar registros escritos claros, basados en hechos y en lo observable (informes de incidentes, bitácoras diarias, notas de comunicación) que resistan la revisión de las familias, la administración o las instancias legales.

  • Free self-paced interactive courses on collecting and analyzing student data — defining a target behavior, choosing a measurement method, graphing, and using the data to inform decisions — giving the written-documentation skill an active, produce-something way in. Certificate of completion; free account required.

    Actividad · PROGRESS Center / National Center on Intensive Intervention (NCII) — U.S. Dept. of Education (OSEP) · ~30 min

  • NCII multi-part video module on selecting a target behavior, writing an observable operational definition, choosing a measurement system (frequency, duration, interval), and graphing data for decisions; free, no login.

    Módulo · National Center on Intensive Intervention (OSEP-funded, U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~60 min

  • Federal HHS article on the one documentation habit that holds up to family, administrator, or legal review: write only what you see and hear, not judgments — 'doesn't like,' 'gets upset,' 'distracted,' and 'a lot' get replaced with the observable actions and direct quotes. Includes a side-by-side example of a judgment-laden note vs. a factual one. Written for early-childhood / Head Start staff; the objective-vs-evaluative standard transfers directly to K-12 incident reports, daily logs, and communication notes. Public domain.

    Artículo · U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / Head Start (ECLKC) · ~5 min

  • Federal tip sheet on producing objective, observable progress records — the difference between subjective impressions and documentable data, with the federal regulations summarized. Framed around IEP goals but the standard transfers to incident reports, daily logs, and communication notes.

    Guía · PROGRESS Center (OSEP-funded, U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~8 min

Usar las plataformas digitales aprobadas por el distrito para recopilar datos y comunicarte, respetando los límites de la ley de privacidad educativa (FERPA) en cuanto a dispositivos y cuentas personales.

  • PTAC's interactive FERPA 101 training for K-12 staff — what counts as an education record, who may access it, when data may be shared with or without consent, and the limits when using digital platforms and third-party tools.

    Módulo · U.S. Department of Education — Student Privacy Policy Office (PTAC) · ~35 min

  • Short U.S. Department of Education Student Privacy Policy Office FAQ on the exact question behind district device and account rules: before using any app or online service that touches student information, confirm your school/district has approved it, and check with IT. Spells out the FERPA 'school official' conditions a tool must meet. The plain-language reason a para uses only district-approved platforms — never a personal device or account. Public domain.

    Artículo · U.S. Department of Education (Student Privacy Policy Office / PTAC) · ~4 min

  • U.S. Dept. of Education Student Privacy Policy Office hub of FERPA guidance for school staff — what student data can be shared, with whom, and the limits that apply when using digital platforms, personal devices, and online services. The authoritative federal reference behind district device/account rules.

    Guía · U.S. Department of Education (Student Privacy Policy Office / PTAC) · ~15 min

Reconocer, registrar y escalar las posibles señales de comunicación en estudiantes que usan sistemas de comunicación no simbólicos o emergentes.

  • CDC resource covering how students with significant disabilities communicate, including non-verbal and emerging communication, and how staff can respond. NOTE: general guidance — a cleared para-facing emergent-communication documentation resource is a documented gap; coordinate with your SLP.

    Artículo · CDC · ~15 min

  • CPIR overview of communication and assistive-technology supports for students with significant disabilities, and the team's role. NOTE: orientation-level — recognizing and documenting non-symbolic communicative acts for the SLP is best learned directly from your SLP (cleared para-facing resource is a documented gap).

    Guía · Center for Parent Information and Resources (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~20 min

  • Short overview of the Project Core implementation model, whose first practice is exactly this skill: identifying and attributing meaning to ALL the ways a student communicates — body movements, facial expressions, vocalizations — before they use speech or symbols. The foundation for noticing and documenting a student's emergent communicative acts. Recognize and record what you observe; follow your SLP's documentation protocol (your SME). OSEP-funded (U.S. Dept. of Education #H327S140017), CC BY-SA 4.0.

    Guía · Project Core — Center for Literacy and Disability Studies, UNC-Chapel Hill (OSEP-funded) · ~6 min

  • CPIR guide on documenting supports and student response for the team. NOTE: covers general observation/documentation for the IEP team, not SLP-specific communication coding — a cleared para-facing emergent-communication documentation resource is a documented gap; follow your SLP's protocol.

    Guía · Center for Parent Information and Resources (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~18 min

Escuchar a las familias de los estudiantes que aprenden inglés (ELL), mantener la conversación dentro de tu rol y asegurarte de que se establezca un canal de comunicación con interpretación adecuada.

  • U.S. Dept. of Education guidance on school-to-family communication for ELL families: working with interpreters, translation obligations, respecting boundaries, and ensuring families get information in a language they understand.

    Guía · National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~15 min

  • Six-chapter federal toolkit for engaging ELL families: rights under Title III, language-access obligations, communicating across language barriers, and culturally responsive engagement. Available in multiple languages.

    Guía · Office of English Language Acquisition (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~20 min

  • One-page checklist on communicating with families with dignity, honoring their language and culture, and — the item that matters most across a language barrier — making sure information reaches the family in a language and method they understand, using an interpreter or translation when staff don't share the language. Pull up the 'HLP 3' section on its own (about 5 minutes). Use it to recognize when a properly interpreted channel is in place and to surface to the team when one is missing, keeping the conversation within the para's role.

    Actividad · CEEDAR Center & American Institutes for Research — U.S. Dept. of Education (OSEP-funded) · ~5 min

  • Free state-government module on supporting multilingual learners — building relationships with ELL families across language and cultural differences, understanding Title III language-access rights, and using home language as a bridge in family communication.

    Módulo · Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) · ~20 min

Profesionalismo y ética

5 áreas de habilidad

Negarte a compartir información del estudiante con colegas que no tienen necesidad de conocerla, sin que resulte incómodo.

Mantener una separación clara entre tu vida personal y profesional, incluidas las redes sociales.

Presentarte de forma constante, puntual y preparada, entendiendo que la ausencia o tardanza de un asistente educativo (para) tiene consecuencias directas para los estudiantes que dependen de él.

Poner en práctica con sinceridad la retroalimentación del supervisor, en lugar de esquivarla o hacer ajustes superficiales.

Decir que no de forma clara y firme cuando te pidan falsificar o firmar registros que tú no recopilaste.

Inclusión e implementación del IEP

10 áreas de habilidad

Detectar las adaptaciones del plan educativo individualizado (IEP) que faltan antes de que afecten al estudiante y atenderlas de inmediato.

Reconocer las dimensiones legales y de identidad de la discapacidad (la ley de educación para personas con discapacidades [IDEA], la Sección 504, la ley de estadounidenses con discapacidades [ADA], el lenguaje que pone primero a la persona frente al que pone primero la identidad) y actuar en consecuencia con los estudiantes y las familias.

  • Plain-language federal explainer of who the ADA protects, what counts as a disability, and the civil-rights frame paras need when working with students and families.

    Artículo · U.S. Department of Justice (ADA.gov) · ~15 min

  • Free self-paced ADA National Network webcourse on the core concepts of the ADA — who is protected, what counts as a disability, and the civil-rights framework behind disability identity and rights; free registration, certificate available.

    Módulo · ADA National Network (ACL/NIDILRR, U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services) · ~420 min

  • CDC one-screen infographic: more than 1 in 4 U.S. adults have a disability, across cognition, mobility, hearing, vision, and self-care. A fast, plain framing of disability as common and varied — the every-student backdrop for recognizing disability as part of identity rather than a deficit. Public domain.

    Artículo · CDC (National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities) · ~4 min

  • CDC's framing of disability as the interaction of impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction — the identity/social-model side of disability awareness that complements the legal frame.

    Artículo · CDC (National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities) · ~12 min

Apoyar el diseño universal para el aprendizaje (UDL) y los acuerdos de coenseñanza que mantienen a los estudiantes con discapacidades participando en la instrucción de su grado, con los apoyos adecuados.

  • OSEP-funded CEEDAR interactive PD module on the three UDL principles — defining UDL, the rationale, and applying it to real K-12 instruction — with pre/post-assessment, exercises, and scenarios.

    Módulo · CEEDAR Center (U.S. Dept. of Education, OSEP-funded) · ~45 min

  • Quick para self-gauge: one ~5-minute subtest of the CEEDAR/AIR High-Leverage Practices self-assessment — HLP 18, 'Use strategies to promote active student engagement.' Engagement is one of the three UDL principles (multiple means of engagement); rate how consistently you notice and support active participation for every learner, under the supervising teacher's plan. Teacher-facing tool used here as a reflection check. OSEP-funded; free, no login.

    Actividad · CEEDAR Center / American Institutes for Research (U.S. Dept. of Education, OSEP-funded) · ~5 min

  • Federal, no-login guide to the three UDL principles — representation, action/expression, engagement — with concrete tips for designing inclusive environments. Written for early-childhood settings; the principles transfer to K-12 but the examples are early-years.

    Guía · Office of Head Start (U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services / ACF) · ~10 min

Entender la diferencia legal y práctica entre adaptaciones y modificaciones, y aplicarlas correctamente.

Resistir el impulso de hacer por los estudiantes las tareas que pueden hacer solos, incluso cuando lo piden.

Leer el plan educativo individualizado (IEP), encontrar lo que afecta tu trabajo del día a día y tratar sus adaptaciones y modificaciones como el contrato que legalmente son.

  • One-page PROGRESS Center tip sheet defining specially designed instruction (SDI) — the adapted content, methodology, and delivery an IEP requires — and how it differs from accommodations, modifications, and instruction given to all students. Grounds the daily question 'what does this student's IEP actually require me to support?' Quotes IDEA Sec. 300.39. Public domain (OSEP-funded).

    Guía · PROGRESS Center (OSEP-funded, U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~5 min

  • One-page federal tip sheet quoting the IDEA regulation and listing the concrete aids, services, accommodations, and modifications a para finds in an IEP — reinforcing that the IEP is a legal contract, not a suggestion.

    Guía · PROGRESS Center (OSEP-funded, U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~8 min

  • Defines the accommodation-vs-modification distinction and walks through the IDEA categories of supports a para sees in an IEP and must implement daily. Public domain.

    Artículo · Center for Parent Information and Resources (OSEP-funded, U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~12 min

  • Free self-paced courses walking through each part of an IEP — goals, present-levels, services, and team roles — and how they show up in the school day, so you can connect the accommodations and goals you implement to the document they come from. (Free PROGRESS Center account required.)

    Módulo · PROGRESS Center (OSEP-funded, operated by the American Institutes for Research) · ~45 min

Compartir evidencia específica y observada durante las reuniones del plan educativo individualizado (IEP), en lugar de quedarte callado u ofrecer solo impresiones generales.

Registrar datos precisos y con contexto sobre el progreso de las metas del plan educativo individualizado (IEP), incluidas las condiciones que afectaron el desempeño, para que el equipo pueda tomar decisiones informadas.

Responder a lo que el estudiante expresa sobre la cercanía, trabajando con el equipo para reducir la dependencia y desarrollar la independencia con el tiempo.

Afirmar públicamente a los estudiantes multilingües cuando sus compañeros cuestionan el uso de su idioma, y aprovechar sus aportes sin importar en qué idioma los hagan.

  • Evidence-based guidance on why multilingual students draw on their full linguistic repertoire and how to affirm and leverage home language in content learning — cognate awareness and cross-linguistic connections.

    Guía · Office of English Language Acquisition (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~12 min

  • REL Pacific video overview of translanguaging — how multilingual students use their full linguistic repertoire to make meaning — with practical implications for adults who want to affirm rather than suppress home-language use.

    Video · REL Pacific / Institute of Education Sciences (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~15 min

  • Short federal handout on why a child's home language is an asset to protect rather than a barrier to replace, and simple ways adults can affirm and encourage it. A quick read to ground the stance behind translanguaging: home language supports — rather than competes with — English and learning. Honest caveat: this is an early-childhood (Head Start) resource, so the family/home framing transfers in principle but isn't K-12 classroom-specific.

    Guía · Office of Head Start — ECLKC (U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services) · ~5 min

  • NCELA guidance on building a culturally affirming classroom for ELLs: respecting all cultures, affirming multilingual identities, responding to peer language policing, and using cultural/linguistic backgrounds as assets.

    Guía · National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~15 min

  • Interactive self-paced module for paraeducators on multilingual learners — building relationships that make students feel known and valued, and helping students use their home language as a resource for learning (translanguaging). The active-practice anchor for affirming a student's full linguistic repertoire and building on their contributions, whichever language they come in.

    Módulo · Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) · ~25 min

Salud, seguridad y apoyo físico

11 áreas de habilidad

Localizar y seguir con precisión el plan de salud de un estudiante cuando la enfermera no está disponible.

Ejecutar sin dudar los procedimientos de evacuación ya practicados para los estudiantes que necesitan apoyo físico.

Leer las señales de resistencia del estudiante y retirar el contacto físico antes de que la situación se intensifique.

  • NCII module on responding to persistent challenging behavior: key FBA elements, choosing replacement behaviors, and making problem behavior irrelevant and ineffective.

    Módulo · National Center on Intensive Intervention (NCII) · ~40 min

  • Center on PBIS practice guide for the most intensive challenging behaviors: conducting a comprehensive FBA, building a function-linked support plan, and using data to decide.

    Guía · Center on PBIS (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~40 min

  • The escalation section of this one-page behavior-cycle tip sheet is the quick-reference for safe physical guidance: opt for the least intensive option, give the student space, and avoid physical interventions (including restraint) unless there is a clear, imminent safety issue and you have the training — if it is safe, block a dangerous behavior in a non-intrusive way rather than grabbing or holding. Read the student's resistance and back off contact before a situation escalates. Note: written for early-childhood staff; the moves transfer to K-12. Any hands-on intervention requires district-approved training; physical-support needs are set by the student's PT/OT and IEP.

    Guía · Connecticut State Department of Education & Office of Early Childhood · ~5 min

  • Center on PBIS hub on restraint and seclusion — the evidence base for prevention, positive behavioral alternatives to physical intervention, and the PBIS framework as the primary approach, with links to ED guidance.

    Guía · Center on PBIS (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~35 min

Mantener seguros y apoyados a los estudiantes con discapacidades en la cafetería, el recreo, los pasillos, el autobús y las excursiones, donde no existe la estructura habitual del salón de clases.

  • HHS Head Start webinar introducing the six active-supervision strategies — positioning, scanning, counting, listening, proximity, and engagement — with tips for indoor, outdoor, and transition settings; transcript included.

    Video · U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / Head Start (ECLKC) · ~60 min

  • A short overview of active supervision — setting up the space, positioning and moving, scanning and counting, listening, anticipating, and staying engaged — for keeping eyes on every student in open settings, including playgrounds and buses. Use it to plan your zone and stay actively scanning during cafeteria, recess, hallway, bus, and field-trip times when classroom structure is gone. Note: written for early-childhood programs; the supervision practices transfer to K-12 unstructured settings. Public domain.

    Guía · U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / Head Start (ECLKC) · ~5 min

  • Center on PBIS topic page on keeping students with disabilities safe and supported across all school settings within an active-supervision, tiered-support model. Note: this is a systems/behavior frame, not a dedicated cafeteria/recess/bus supervision how-to — the closest license-clear federal fit for unstructured-setting supervision.

    Guía · Center on PBIS (OSEP-funded, U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~15 min

Saber qué hacer cuando observas lesiones sin explicación: reportarlas al maestro de inmediato, sin interrogar al estudiante.

Seguir el protocolo de fuga (elopement) del plan educativo individualizado (IEP) o del plan de conducta (BIP) del estudiante: avisar a la oficina de inmediato, mantener seguros al resto de los estudiantes y no dejar la clase sin supervisión para perseguir al estudiante tú solo.

  • CDC resource on supporting students with autism — characteristics, communication differences, and strategies (structured routines, visual supports, consistent environment) that reduce elopement risk. NOTE: does not provide elopement emergency-response protocol; that must come from the student's IEP/safety plan (documented gap — no cleared federal school-elopement protocol found).

    Guía · CDC · ~20 min

  • A short federal page on elopement: what it is, why some students with disabilities are at higher risk, and the prevention basics — watch the student's behaviors, notice the signs that come before a child bolts (a certain sound, looking toward the door), stay alert to location, and make sure staff and first responders know the plan. Use it to prevent and stay ahead of elopement; the in-the-moment school response — alert the office, keep the rest of the class safe and supervised, and don't leave to chase alone — comes from the student's IEP/BIP elopement protocol. Public domain.

    Guía · CDC (National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities) · ~5 min

  • CDC overview of behavioral and educational approaches for autism — structured teaching, visual instructions, and consistent routines that proactively reduce wandering risk. NOTE: does not cover school elopement emergency response; follow the student's IEP and the school's safe-wandering plan (documented gap).

    Artículo · CDC · ~25 min

Entender que la sujeción física requiere capacitación y autorización aprobadas por el distrito; en una crisis, el papel del asistente educativo (para) es despejar el área, llamar al personal capacitado y mantener una distancia segura.

  • U.S. Department of Education resource document on restraint and seclusion — includes legal framework, state variation, and best practices for school staff.

    Guía · U.S. Department of Education · ~30 min

  • A short plain-language page on Washington's restraint/isolation law (RCW 28A.600.485): it is prohibited except when reasonably necessary to control spontaneous behavior posing an imminent likelihood of serious harm, must stop as soon as that danger ends, and triggers parent notification (verbal attempt within ~24 hours, written notice commonly within 5 business days). Underlines that physical restraint requires district-approved training and authorization — the para's role in a crisis is to clear the area, call trained staff, and keep a safe distance. English companion to the Spanish OEO page already listed. (Laws vary by state — check your own state's rule.)

    Guía · Washington State Governor's Office of the Education Ombuds · ~5 min

  • U.S. Department of Education resource on restraint and seclusion — the legal framework, state variation, the paraprofessional's role in crisis response, what authorized training looks like, and positive behavioral supports as the primary alternative.

    Artículo · U.S. Department of Education · ~15 min

Aplicar apoyos sensoriales durante emergencias con muchos estímulos, como los simulacros de incendio, y abogar por rutinas enseñadas con anticipación para que el estudiante no quede sorprendido.

Proteger la privacidad del estudiante durante las rutinas de cuidado personal y dar seguimiento para asegurar que esas protecciones sean estructurales, no según el momento.

  • Free state-government module on student dignity, respectful communication, and professional boundaries during support routines. Does not cover hands-on personal-care procedures — follow your school nurse or therapist for those.

    Módulo · Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) · ~30 min

  • The CDC's one-page printable of the hygiene steps — prepare, clean the child, remove trash, replace the diaper, wash the child's hands, clean up, wash your hands — to keep at the changing area as a quick reference. Doing personal care competently and efficiently is part of protecting a student's dignity; the relational side (privacy, communication, respect) is in the dignity module above. Drawn from childcare guidance: the core steps transfer to school personal care, but some specifics differ for older students. Always follow the student's health plan and your nurse/OT/PT. Public domain.

    Guía · CDC (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) · ~5 min

  • CPIR overview of the paraeducator role including the conduct and relational standards that protect student dignity during support routines — privacy, respectful communication, honoring student preferences, and escalating concerns. Public domain.

    Guía · Center for Parent Information and Resources (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~10 min

  • CDC step-by-step hygiene procedure for diapering/personal care — prepare, clean, glove, dispose, replace, hand-wash, disinfect — with a downloadable one-page fact sheet (English and Spanish). Drawn from early-childhood/childcare guidance: the core hygiene steps transfer to school personal care, though some specifics differ for older students. Always follow the student's health plan and your nurse/OT/PT for student-specific procedures. Public domain.

    Guía · CDC (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) · ~10 min

Tomar decisiones basadas en tu capacitación sobre los traslados de posición: realizar solo los procedimientos para los que has sido autorizado directamente y documentar cuando haya vacíos de cobertura.

  • CPIR overview of physical-disability characteristics, positioning and mobility, assistive technology, and the school team's role — deferring hands-on procedures to trained therapists. Public domain.

    Artículo · Center for Parent Information and Resources (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~40 min

  • CDC overview of the school health-services team, care coordination, and the paraprofessional's role in following each student's health-care plan with fidelity.

    Artículo · CDC Healthy Schools · ~45 min

  • Short federal demonstration video showing safe body mechanics for moving a person from the edge of a bed into a wheelchair with a transfer belt — a coordinated, braced, count-and-pivot transfer. Use it to recognize what the positioning and body-mechanics principles in the other resources look like in motion. It is general orientation only, NOT student-specific instruction: this is a caregiving (not classroom) context, every student's transfer is prescribed by their PT, and you perform only transfers you have been directly trained and cleared for, with the required staffing.

    Video · Veterans Health Administration — U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs (public domain) · ~4 min

  • Federal guidance hub on safe lifting, repositioning, and transfer ergonomics, with the consensus that manual lifting should be minimized and replaced with training and assistive equipment. Use as the body-mechanics and injury-prevention rationale; it is NOT student-specific transfer instruction — always follow the student's PT/OT and only perform transfers you have been directly trained and cleared for.

    Guía · Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) — U.S. Dept. of Labor · ~12 min

  • Federal safe-lifting/ergonomics authority: manually lifting and repositioning people is the single greatest overexertion-injury risk, no weight is universally 'safe' to lift manually, and the goal is to replace manual lifting with training and equipment. Use this as the why-this-needs-training rationale — it is NOT transfer-procedure instruction. Always follow the student's PT/OT and only perform transfers you have been directly cleared for.

    Artículo · NIOSH / CDC (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) · ~15 min

Ejecutar correctamente un protocolo de respuesta ante convulsiones: quedarte con el estudiante, pedir ayuda sin irte, cronometrar el episodio y documentarlo con precisión.

  • Short CDC page for the first step of any seizure response — recognizing one is happening. Covers what generalized and focal seizures look like, including subtle absence/focal seizures that are easy to miss (staring, lip-smacking, picking at clothes), plus the emergency thresholds: call 911 if a seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, repeats, or the student doesn't recover. Follow the student's individual Seizure Action Plan and your school nurse (your SME) for the full protocol. Public domain.

    Artículo · CDC (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion) · ~5 min

  • CDC's authoritative seizure first-aid guide: recognizing a seizure (including non-convulsive types), the step-by-step protocol to keep a person safe, what to do for generalized seizures, when to call 911 (over 5 minutes, repeat seizure, no breathing, injury, water), and what NOT to do.

    Guía · CDC · ~15 min

  • CDC school health resource covering health plan implementation, seizure response, and coordination with nursing staff.

    Guía · CDC · ~20 min

  • CDC school-specific guidance: what a Seizure Action Plan must contain (triggers, first-aid steps, rescue-medicine instructions, emergency contacts), free CDC-supported staff training programs, stigma prevention, and supporting students academically.

    Módulo · CDC · ~30 min

Autocuidado y bienestar profesional

5 áreas de habilidad

Identificar en ti mismo las señales del estrés traumático secundario y buscar el apoyo adecuado antes de que se agrave.

Mantener límites adecuados en cuanto al tiempo, el rol y la carga de trabajo para sostener tu efectividad a largo plazo.

Establecer y mantener límites profesionales con los estudiantes, las familias y los colegas, para que el trabajo sea sostenible durante años, y no solo soportable esta semana.

  • A short list of healthy, sustainable ways to manage ongoing job stress — take breaks from screens and news, protect sleep and movement, set limits, and stay connected to people you trust. These are the recharge habits that make the work sustainable over a long career, not a one-time fix. Supportive, non-clinical self-care framing. Public domain.

    Artículo · CDC · ~5 min

  • Free state-government interactive module on setting and sustaining professional boundaries with students and families — what appropriate limits look like, why they protect both para and student, and how to keep the relationship warm but bounded over a long career.

    Módulo · Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) · ~12 min

  • CPIR federal overview of the paraeducator role and professional conduct — appropriate vs. inappropriate contact with students and families, maintaining limits, and protecting student dignity. A plain-language reference for clarifying where the role ends. Public domain.

    Guía · Center for Parent Information and Resources (U.S. Dept. of Education) · ~20 min

Dar pasos concretos y por iniciativa propia hacia tu crecimiento profesional, en lugar de esperar a que aparezcan las oportunidades.

Manejar tu propia reacción después de los días difíciles, asegurándote de que se complete cualquier seguimiento que la escuela necesite.